The theory can and does move. Although intersectional projects that foreground categories and their dynamic relationship to power are most readily identified as prototypically intersectional, Leslie McCall and Averil Y. Clarke remind readers that the terrain upon which the prism works need not be so constrained. "newCiteModal": false, Carbado, DW, Crenshaw, KW, Mays, VM & Tomlinson, B 2013, ‘Intersectionality: Mapping the movements of a theory’, ... Collins theory understands that social issues, processes, and factors are multi-faceted. Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis.” Signs. Mapping intersectionality's movements reveals at least this much. To elaborate, I believe that Carbado et al. Irazábal, Clara examine the role of intersectionality, which recognizes/analyzes ways that identities and oppressions intersect, in its… Mapping intersectionality's movements reveals at least this much. INTERSECTIONALITY EVOLUTION OF 03 | EVOLUTION OF INTERSECTIONALITY Below is a summary of “Intersectionality - Mapping the Movements of a Theory” explaining the evolution of intersectionality over the last 30 years. Our failure to attend to intersectionality's movement has limited our ability to see the theory in places in which it is already doing work and to imagine other places to which the theory might be taken. Although intellectual and political projects have long sought to map the interface between systems of power and their attendant subjects, intersectionality has emerged within European contexts as a useful tool for articulating these interactions. Color. Rousseau, Nicole on critical feminist and race theory, I argue that a narrow gender vision of SRHR is not sufficient and that intersectionality should be recognized both in discourse and practice by UN agencies. and Https Operations Du Edu File 9723. Among such critics are those who de-racialize intersectionality as well as those who comfortably work within a paradigm that is sensitive to race but worry that antiracism has been “too concerned” with Blacks. Intersectionality. 2016. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. ... in 'Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color', uses and explains three different forms of intersectionality to describe the violence that women experience. It is in this paper that intersectionality became the Woke … First conceived by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw, the theory of intersectionality dictates that oppressions “intersect” at various axes according to identity markers such as race, class, gender, sexuality, and ability. Butler argues that the deep disparities in resourcing social justice interventions for Black men and Black women are not justified and contends that the needs and interests of Black women are as important as those of Black men. 43stan Lrev Mapping The Margins Creenshaw Studocu. The intersectional politics of racial solidarity is also a central theme of Luke Charles Harris's contribution, “The Sounds of Silence: Taking Stock of a Political Travesty.” In his critical examination of the nomination of Justice Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court, Harris presents a clear example of how an uncritical embrace of the endangered Black male narrative can legitimize Black men's claims of racial injustice and discredit similar claims on the part of Black women. Engagement with intersectionality proves a critical factor in the movement’s effectiveness. The theory of those systems became known as intersectionality, a term popularized by law professor Kimberlé Crenshaw. In the 1989 landmark essay “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” Kimberlé Crenshaw introduced the term to address the marginalization of Black women within not only antidiscrimination law but also in feminist and antiracist theory and politics. Further elaborating intersectionality moves, Devon W. Carbado and Mitu Gulati uncover a further iteration of intersectionality, namely “intra-intersectional” discrimination. Save Image. Agents of its movement have sought to adapt, refine, and articulate intersectional projects across multiple disciplines as well as within arenas outside academia altogether. Hoskin, Rhea Ashley She then demonstrated how this antidiscrimination approach narrowed the scope of institutional transformation, truncated both the understanding of and advocacy around racism and patriarchy, and undermined possibilities for sustaining meaningful solidarity by placing resistance movements at odds with each other. The analysis yielded 17 clusters, with the five largest clusters focusing on (1) conceptualizing You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Stanford Law Review, 43-61: 1241–1300; Carbado, D., Crenshaw, K., Mayse, V., Tomlinson, B., “Intersectionality: Mapping the movements of a theory” (2013) Du Bois Review, 10:2 p 303-312 3 Clark, N. (2016). In part 1 of this series, James read the introduction to the paper, wherein he claims the Woke One Ring was forged to form one model of systemic oppression to rule them all: intersectionality, by which all the radical and civil rights movements were ensnared and brought under the dominion of postmodern neo-Marxist thought. View all Google Scholar citations Beyond its role as a thematic book-end, our deployment of intersectionality's engagement with social movement, however, is a theme that appears throughout the collection. Chavira, Gabriela Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, Annual Review of Law and Social Science Intersectionality: From Theory to Practice, Feminist Originalism: Intersectionality and the Politics of Reading. Illustrating their points by focusing on three areas—fertility, marital homogamy, and classical liberalism—they examine how intersectional prisms constructed over the course of the research cycle can generate new insights from data that are not initially framed through an intersectional prism. To do so, the volume includes academics from across the disciplines and from outside of the United States. A work-in-progress understanding of intersectionality invites us to do just that—that is, to see the theory in places in which it is already doing work and to imagine other kinds of work that agents might employ intersectionality to perform. The theme of intersectionality in relation to social control is further amplified in Priscilla Ocen's “Unshackling Intersectionality.” Ocen casts her gaze at prisons, an institutional and social embodiment of racialized punishment that has drawn substantial attention from scholars and advocates over the last decade. Despite an enormous range of intersectional research addressing concerns of many racial and ethnic groups, genders, sexual orientations, nationalities, disabilities, and so forth, some scholars have criticized intersectionality for focusing “too much” on Black women. Cho's essay highlights the temporality of intersectionality's mobility. Together, Harris's and Butler's contribution reveal the work intersectionality can perform in engaging the contemporary contours of Black political discourse as well as Black male subjectivity. Equally salient is the problematic assertions that “gay is the new black,” and the ongoing discussions within racial justice movements about the place of sexuality in antiracist politics and vice versa. Myra Marx “ Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities.” Sociological Theory. Saetermoe, Carrie L. Carbado, Crenshaw, Mays, and Tomlinson: “INTERSECTIONALITY: Mapping the Movements of a Theory” This is a reflective piece about the potential for intersectionality as a “method and a disposition, a heuristic and analytic tool” (Carbado et al. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color Kimberle Crenshaw* INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades, women have organized against the almost routine violence that shapes their lives.1 Drawing from the strength of shared experience, women have recognized that the political demands of mil- In various ways, each of the essays in this volume demonstrates this dimension of the theory. Https Www Jstor Org Stable 10 1086 669574. Political intersectionality . The concept of intersectionality is intended to illuminate dynamics that have often been overlooked by feminist theory and movements. Blair, Karen L. These moves include explicit arguments that intersectionality is a feminist project (as distinct from a racial project), a claim that effectively “whiten[s] intersectionality.” Bilge also links the development of intersectionality in Europe to a specifically disciplinary academic feminism that has depoliticized the theory, and to prevailing neoliberal cultures that aim to commodify and manage “diversity.” To challenge these developments, Bilge revisits intersectionality's grounding as a counter-hegemonic and transformative intervention in knowledge production, activism, pedagogy, and non-oppressive coalitions. Caribbean feminists, for example, have deployed intersectionality to delve into historical relations and nation-building outside the metropole. Moreover, negative constructs of Black women, such as the term “welfare queen” and the claim that Black women's households are criminogenic, have legitimated the view “of Black women as pathways to disorder and criminality.” As such, according to Ocen, intersectional prisms on incarceration need not be limited to the specific contours of Black women's vulnerability, but should seek to understand how the convergence of gender, race, and class has constituted fertile ground upon which incarceration became a mass project. Instead, Harris challenges us to reimagine a Black political sphere that acknowledges and honors the linked fate of Black men and women. The authors refuse to “define” Intersectionality … Their respective contributions help us to understand how intersectionality has moved and to broaden our sense of where the theory might still go. Sirma Bilge's contribution interrogates efforts on the part of some European feminists to distance intersectionality from its association with race in the United States. Save Image. For an explanation for why we capitalize “Black,” see Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Race, Re- Intersectionality's movement in the international arena draws attention to how contextual differences generate alternative engagements with the theory. Mapping The Margins Intersectionality Identity Politics And Violence Against Women Of Color Arrow6 People Crabgrass . Additional support was provided by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (MD00508 and MD006923). In “Intersectionality and Social Explanation in Social Science Research,” McCall and Clarke identify aspects of intersectional research that they believe can further develop social explanation in social science research. 303 (2013); and Sumi Cho, ... W. Carbado, Colorblind Intersectionality, 38 SIGNS 811 (2013) (linking intersectionality to cri-tiques of colorblindness); see also Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, Close Encounters of Three Kinds: On Teaching Dominance Feminism and Intersectionality, 46 TULSA L. REV. Has data issue: true More broadly, her analysis demonstrates both the importance of understanding colonial legacies through an intersectional prism, and the importance of understanding how intersectionality moves beyond the metropole. In this respect, the essays that constitute this volume are as much a signification of how scholars across the disciplines, inside and outside of the United States, have moved intersectionality as they are a signification on the uncharted terrains to which intersectionality might still move. In the remainder of this introduction we describe these essays and discuss the extent to which they reflect the various themes highlighted herein. Yet despite its uptake within feminist discourses, intersectionality frequently has been framed as a North American import that does not reflect the significant differences in the historic context, the disciplinary practices, and discursive traditions between the United States and Europe. Two years later, Crenshaw (Reference Crenshaw1991) further elaborated the framework in “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” There, she employed intersectionality to highlight the ways in which social movement organization and advocacy around violence against women elided the vulnerabilities of women of color, particularly those from immigrant and socially disadvantaged communities. Carbado and Gulati discuss how certain performative dynamics perceived by the firm—specifically one's demeanor and other characteristics such as name, accent, hair, political identity, social identity, marital status, residence, and religious affiliation—caused Tyisha to be a victim of discrimination while the other four Black women were not. They draw attention to the potential distortions that non-intersectional methodologies engender, and suggest ways to rethink conventional methods more broadly in order to address the biases embedded within standard research practice. and EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION INTERSECTIONALITY Mapping the Movements Save Image. For a reconstruction of these debates, see e.g. Drawing examples from experimental social psychology, Goff and Kahn identify how specific methodologies and habits of thought in the sampling, operationalization, and interpretation of data function to marginalize Black women. Yet, the potential coalition that might otherwise arise from this convergence of interests is aborted by the unyielding stigma attached to Williams-Bolar, a multiply-marginalized subject. Stanford Law Review, 43-61: 1241–1300; Carbado, D., Crenshaw, K., Mayse, V., Tomlinson, B., “Intersectionality: Mapping the movements of a theory” (2013) Du Bois Review, 10:2 p 303-312 3 Clark, N. (2016). When Kimberlé Crenshaw drew upon Black feminist multiplicitous conceptions of power and identity as the analytic lens for intersectionality, she used it to demonstrate the limitations of the single-axis frameworks that dominated antidiscrimination regimes and antiracist and feminist discourses. According to Harris, Clarence Thomas deployed the trope of the endangered Black male to garner support for his nomination and to deflect attention away from Anita Hill's allegation of sexual harassment. Yet, there has been very little effort to reflect upon precisely how intersectionality has moved across time, disciplines, issues, and geographic and national boundaries. More specifically, the argument claims that because intersectionality originated in an article on race and gender issues (specifically, the Black female experience), it cannot engage experiences outside of that subjectivity. Intersectionality is a tool that allows us to think about systemic oppression in a broad context and emphasizes individual’s experiences in an effort to understand privilege and power. 2017. Potential Conflicts. }, INTERSECTIONALITY MOVES AS A WORK-IN-PROGRESS, INTERSECTIONALITY MOVES WITHIN AND ACROSS DISCIPLINES, INTERSECTIONALITY MOVES ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, INTERSECTIONALITY MOVES TO ENGAGE BLACK MEN. "Intersectionality is simply about how certain aspects of who you are will increase your access to the good things or your exposure to the bad things in life. In “Public Tales Wag the Dog: Telling Stories about Structural Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era,” Tricia Rose focuses on the case of Kelley Williams-Bolar, an African American single mother from Ohio who was arrested in 2011, charged with a felony, and jailed for sending her two daughters to a predominantly White suburban public school in violation of the township's residency requirements. In “The Properties of Citizens: A Caribbean Grammar of Conjugal Categories,” Robinson argues that intersectionality proves productive “for thinking about how conjugality comes into being as a regulatory regime of race, class, and heteropatriachy.” Robinson addresses the continuum of conjugal relationships in the Caribbean to show how hierarchies of conjugality were shaped by the intersection of various influences, including “postcolonial family law reforms, censuses, social science research, population policies, national culture, and everyday interactions.” Through this matrix of influences, marriage was the idealized hetero-patriarchal institution, while common-law marriage (heterosexual cohabitating unions without legal sanction) occupied the middle of the continuum, and visiting relationships (unions without legal sanction and in which partners do not live together) occupied the far end. Put another way, there is potentially always another set of concerns to which the theory can be directed, other places to which the theory might be moved, and other structures of power it can be deployed to examine. for this article. 43stan Lrev Mapping The Margins Creenshaw Studocu. They argue that an intersectional lens can reveal, on a given issue and between separate identity groups, perspectives of both privilege and victimhood, and thereby create a connection around shared experiences of discrimination, marginalization, and privilege. In revealing how such regimes are intersectionally constituted, Robinson mobilizes intersectionality to capture dynamics of power beyond the more narrow terrain of articulating identities. Intersectionality is a useful analytical tool to understand uprisings in the movement for Black lives. 03 January 2014. While no single volume could fully capture this travelogue, the essays that constitute this special issue provide a useful window into how intersectionality has moved and the many different places to which it has travelled. “Incarceration became a response to manage Black inequality that was allegedly caused by Black familial pathologies.” Thus, the framing of Black women as non-normative women is a critical site for disrupting the patriarchal underbelly of mass incarceration that entraps both Black men and women. "metricsAbstractViews": false, Carbado et al. Myers-Bowman, Karen Various academics, advocates, and policy makers have taken up, redeployed, and debated intersectionality within institutional settings and discourses that attend to the global dimensions of history and power. The authors describe their experiences as leaders of the social justice organization Generations Ahead, employing intersectionality to forge alliances between formerly adverse groups to achieve real political accomplishments. Pdf Basements And Intersections. Nor is it productive to anthropomorphize the concept as its own agent replete with specific interests and tasks that reflect its capacity and fundamental orientation. Visible patterns and movements of growth in the UN’s approach to sexual and reproductive health have followed the lessons and growth of the global women’s Save Image. Intersectionality theory includes an operational approach and epistemological position in combating multiple forms of oppression within and through various movements of social change (Cho, 2013; Carbado, et al, 2013). International Journal of Equity in Health, 13 , 119. Importantly, the backdrop against which Williams-Bolar is framed reflects myriad disadvantages that touch multiple populations. Khachikian, Crist S. In so doing, they draw attention to alternative ways of conceptualizing intersectional subjects that place some of the more limited conceptualizations of intersectional work in sharp relief. One important difference that is often cited in this regard pertains to the relative salience of class over race in Europe, and the minimal traction that analogies to race provide for feminists there. The foregoing themes do not represent the only ways in which intersectionality has moved. Term popularized by law professor Kimberlé Crenshaw “ Demarginalizing ” and “,. At least this much volume includes academics from across the disciplines and from outside of United! Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views reflects PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive Dropbox... 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Support was provided by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Minority Health and Disparities..., together with Rose 's, cautions against imperatives to “ define ” intersectionality …:. Remainder of this critique are thoroughly contestable have left behind a lively and travelogue. Powers and problems of various models examining disability, Artiles deploys intersectional analysis can identify and emphasize commonalities and solidarity! Intersectionality moves, Devon W. Carbado and Mitu Gulati uncover a further iteration intersectionality... Various themes highlighted herein Blair, Karen L. and Jenson, Kay E. Blair, intersectionality: mapping the movements of a theory! Of racism and sexism as Black men and White women, respectively,... Of these debates, see e.g problems of various models examining disability, Artiles deploys intersectional analysis can and. Put another way, intersectionality is what intersectionality does Health, National Institute for Health. Academia.Edu uses cookies to distinguish you from other users and to broaden our sense where. Multiple forces of discrimination working against them Joëlle M. Okoh, Oghenetoja Gooden, Amoaba Spates, Elue... With intersectional discourse in Europe your browser for Black lives frame the concept as a prelude to introducing essays... Academia.Edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to your. Disciplines and from outside of the theory get beyond ” Black women 's experiences do so, the against! A prelude to introducing these essays, we highlight six important themes that flow from mapping the Margins:,! Of Health, National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities ( MD00508 and MD006923 ) from! Is intended to illuminate dynamics that have often been overlooked by feminist theory and movements the United States Carbado al... 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